cavitation

Liquid Level Control in HVAC and Industrial Plant: Loop Design, Pump Sequencing, and Electrical Protection

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Liquid level control is one of the most deceptively simple loops in HVAC and industrial plant operation, yet it is responsible for a disproportionate share of pump failures, cavitation damage, nuisance overflow, and unplanned shutdowns. A cooling tower basin that must not run dry, a condensate receiver that must not flood, a chilled-water buffer tank, … Read more

Control Valve Selection for HVAC Systems: Cv Calculation, Cavitation, and Field Failures

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The control valve is where the controller’s intent becomes physical action. A perfectly tuned loop driving a poorly selected or improperly sized valve produces unstable, inefficient, and damaging operation. Yet control valve selection is often delegated to vendor catalogs without the engineering analysis required to match valve characteristics to the process. The consequence is a … Read more